Tuesday, March 10, 2009

Alabama Waterfall Report - Part I - The Undiscovered Country

Introduction

If you've followed my waterfall website (http://waterfalls.szulecki.com/) for the past few years, you have probably noticed I haven't posted an update in a really, really long time. Let's face it, whenever you turn fun into a project, you destroy the fun. I got tired of the website, because getting material for it was ruining the fun of waterfall chasing. I worked on a redesign, and got all the design work done, but quit before I got any of the content put up. Since I originally put up the current website, I've amassed a huge amout of information about Alabama's waterfalls. Unfortunately, a lot of that is in my head, so I need to get it out before I lose it. Keep in mind that also means some of it is probably inaccurate. Over the next few posts, I'll be providing what I know about Alabama's waterfalls. Today's post will cover the areas where I do not have good information. As in, the areas where I think a waterfall hunter could have some fun. I'm not promosing there is a waterfall at any of these locations, nor am I suggesting that if there is one, it is on public property. I've made educated guesses on the probability in some cases, but keep in mind I'm just relying on instict, and I may be WAYYY off, or totally wrong. Research carefully to determine how difficult a search would be, who owns the property, and if visitation is allowed. You are responsible for your own safety and for ensuring that you are not trespassing.

A note on my terminology... I consider a waterfall to be any cascade, drop, or fall of water more than a few feet tall to be a waterfall. This is highly subjective. I consider a waterfall which is not published in on any internet source, or in any book, to be "undiscovered" for my purposes. The truth is, locals have been visiting these falls for generations, so chances are good you won't actually be discovering anything new. ;)

I will not be covering Bankhead National Forest, Sipsey Wilderness in this post. I've already discussed areas which I feel merit a good search on Alatrail.com here.

This is a work in progress.


Talladega National Forest (copied from one of my Alatrails posts)

Talladega National Forest has surprised me a few times, with Shinbone Falls and Hopeful Falls, and I'm sure it will bring more surprises.

The source of Salt Creek. (~ 33.502934,-85.798888) The stream has good flow most of the year, and the elevation drop is pretty good. However, not knowing the exact topography/geology, I wouldn't give this more than a 25% chance of harboring a waterfall more than 3'.

These creeks near Lanie Gap in the very far northern part of the forest (33.942933,-85.490327; 33.945638,-85.503674; 33.950231, -85.496593; 33.955215,-85.516334) all look suspicious. However, not knowing the detailed topography and the geology of the area, I wouldn't give more than a 25% chance that one waterfall is in this area of the forest.

These three creeks on Hurricane Mountain (33.869453,-85.667524; 33.863467, -85.675807; 33.863467, -85.675807) which are similar to some areas in the forest with waterfalls. I'd say 25% chance.


The two creeks on either side of this rise by Choccolocco Mtn. (33.816950, -85.714431). 10% chance?

I'm whinging it on these, as usual. I have a pretty good success rate, but I have trouble reading Talladega National Forest. For instance, I never would have guessed that there was a waterfall where Hopefull Falls is, near Camp Mac Lake. I was shocked by that one until I saw the location. The topos don't seem as useful for TNF for some reason. I think it is because there are large changes in altitude without a change in geology. I'd do serious research before considering any of these locations. I don't even know the property ownership, they may not be accessible.



The Fertile Triangle/Former Carter Properties (Walls of Jericho)

There is an area running roughly from Guntersville in the south, to New Market in the north-west, to Bridgeport in the north-east (depicted here), that remains heavily forested. There are numerous waterfalls on the fringes of this area, and I strongly suspect that there are a decent number still hiding here. It doesn't hurt that this is Cumberland Plateau associated geology, which is always good for waterfalls in Alabama and Tennesee. A good chunk of this land has been preserved as part of the Walls of Jericho preserve (12,510 acres in Alabama, 8,943 acres in Tennesee), but little information exists online to confirm the outline of the preserve, and how much of this land is open to the public. As the lands were closed for so many years, information is somewhat sketchy about the less visited areas, so waterfalls are likely to remain "undiscovered" for the waterfall chaser. Some will undoubtedly be found on public property, but some are also most certainly on private property, so careful research will be required.



Shelby County Waterfall Zone

There is an area with several waterfalls in close association to each other near and in the Cahaba WMA. This is not to be confused with the Cahaba River NWA, home of the Cahaba Lilies. There is a cluster of waterfalls that includes Davis Falls, several falls upstream from Davis Falls, Weaver Falls, all outside the WMA on private propety, plus Falling Rock Falls, Mills Falls on Savage Creek and Goggins Falls on Jessee Creek, in the WMA itself. And you thought Peavine was the only waterfall in Shelby County! Since those waterfalls in the WMA (besides Falling Rock Falls) came as a total surprise to me, I investigated further, and I strongly suspect that there may be at least one or two waterfalls in the area. I haven't done careful research on the geology of the area, so looking at the topographical maps, I only feel confortable saying that the likely search area should be in a chunk running from Aldrich in the east, down diagonally to the confluence of the Little Cahaba and Cahaba Rivers, west to West Blocton, north to Sand Mountain just south of Tannehill State Park, back east to Marlene, and back south to Aldrich. I know this is a huge area, but without better data, that is the best I can do. The area is interesting geologically, with coal and oil deposits. The Aldrich Coal Mine Museum is in the area, the proprietor of which is a big expert on Davis Falls.



Other Areas of Interest in North Alabama

Beyond what I've already mentioned above, there are several areas that I consider fertile terrain for new waterfall "discoveries" in North Alabama.

Having visiting Cane Creek Preserve (PDF flier), which has several waterfalls, I am interested in the area surrounding that Colbert County Preserve. The area of interest forms a rectangle from Newburg north to Tuscumbia, west to the Mississippi border. Unfortunately, I don't know of any areas in this rectangle that the public can visit other than Cane Creek Preserve. I'd say there is a 75% probability that there is a waterfall in this area that I don't know about. Hey, Big Bob Gibson's BBQ is close enough to make it worth the trip if you can get permission, or find some public property in the area. ;)

Looking at topographical data, a suspect there are one or two waterfalls in the Good Springs-Salem-Elkmont area near the Elk River. Some feature names, along with the topography, suggest it is possible. I'd say there is a 50% chance for finding a waterfall in this region. I'm pretty sure this is all private property, so it will probably remain unknown.

I'd say there is about 10% chance of finding a waterfall here in this ridge.

South Alabama

South Alabama is the real undiscovered country. Other than the two waterfalls at Gullett's Bluff, and Hidden Falls, the waterfalls south of Shelby County are very underpublicized, or totally unpublished. I hear rumors of more than half a dozen other waterfalls in the Lake Claiborne area, and property ownership permitting, it might be a good idea to search within about 25mi of the lake. Most of the property here is very private, some Scotch Oil land, but a lot is just residential. If you can find public property (Army Corps of Engineers owns some land there, consider contacting them, the local office is very friendly), it certainly might be productive. Plus, I'm told there are some famous quilt-makers in the area, the Gees Bend Quilters.

There is a USGS record near Mobile, but I've never seen proof of any waterfall there.

There are known waterfalls in the Selma area and in the Mongomery area. I know little about this area.

General Advice

My biggest recommendation for the waterfall chaser is to devote some time to just driving around and looking at the terrain. Talk to people in local stores, at local museums, and other venues, and you'll find things no map could ever show you. Also, look at the names on topo maps. Anywhere the word falls is used in a place name, like falls hollow, chances are good there is a waterfall. The most important things are to be safe in what you do, don't trespass, and have fun!

Next: Alabama Waterfall Report - Part II - Talladega National Forest and Environs



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Alabama Waterfalls Temporary Checklist

Most people who know me know that I did a stupid amount of research tracking down waterfalls in Alabama. At some point, I put out a list, and now I've been asked to make that list into checklist.

I'm putting up a crude temporary checklist up on my website at:
http://www.szulecki.com/tempchecklist.pdf

The list contains all the waterfalls I am currently aware of (minus anything I forgot), but please keep in mind that I don't expect to see any checks on waterfalls that are on private property. I haven't checked which are and which are not carefully, so it is your responsibility to do so. The list was compiled from my own personal discoveries, from topographical maps, from word-of-mouth, from thoughtful submissions from my website (http://waterfalls.szulecki.com/), and from thoughtful submissions from users on the Alatrails.com forums.

Do with it as you will, so long as the use is non-commercial.

I'm still debating putting out a report on the waterfalls of Alabama, which would have all the information I have on each falls contained in it. If I were to do such a report, it would have GPS coordinates where available, and more information regarding what the individual waterfall looks like, how to hike to it, etc... Even if that doesn't happen, I hope to at least put out a neater checklist.

Sunday, March 8, 2009

DeLorme PN-40 - Conclusions

I apologize if this review rambles, and I'll be editing it where I feel necessary. However, I hope that I have conveyed the ultimate message I was trying to convey, which is that for the bushwhacker like me, I don't think there is a better handheld GPS unit on the market today. The accuracy is more than sufficient, the operation is simple and logical, the design is almost perfect for our needs, and the map support and TOPO7 software appear almost designed with the bushwhacker in mind. I highly recommend it.

Detailed specifications and more information about the DeLorme PN-40 are availible at: http://www.delorme.com/

But the specs that you absolutely need to know are:
Chipset: STM Cartesio 32-Channel, WAAS enabled.
Antenna: Internal, Patch-Type.
Storage: 1GB internal (8gb optional, 500mb taken up by basemap), up to 32GB SDHC card.
Screen: 2.2" color TFT, 220 x 176 pixels.
Battery: 2 x AA (Alkaline, NiMH, Lithium) or option Li-Ion rechargable pack. Battery life numbers at: http://forums.delorme.com/viewtopic.php?t=16728
Compass/Altimeter: Internal 3-axis electronic compass and barometric altimeter.


Back: DeLorme PN-40 Review - TOPO7



Screenshots:
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682340
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682339
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682338
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682337
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682332
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682331
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682329
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682328
http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=8682327

* I am in no way affiliated with DeLorme, Garmin, Magellan or any other GPS manufacturer.

DeLorme PN-40 Review - TOPO7

You may have read that TOPO7 has a steep learning curve. While this is somewhat true, it is important to keep two things in mind: first, that TOPO7 is not required to load vector map data onto the PN-40, as the included pre-cut map DVD's can be loaded onto the PN-40 with nothing more than the included USB cable and the DVD; second, TOPO7 is extremely powerful, and all powerful software tends to be more complicated than less powerful software.

TOPO7 is certainly not as complicated as say, Photoshop or Matlab, but it is no MS-Paint or Calculator, for that matter. There is a learning curve, and it is steeper than many less computer-savy users would probably prefer. But... If you can figure out Word, you can figure out TOPO7.

While some people complain about the complexity of the TOPO7 software. I don't, and here is why... I often spend 4 to 5 times as much time planning a trip as I do actually taking the trip, and TOPO7 is the ideal method to research an area. Right from the TOPO7 DVD you have access to 100k vector topo coverage the entire United States. You also have access to all of the map files you have downloaded from Netlink, like USGS topo quads and aerial photography. Having all of this information in one place, plus the powerful tools that TOPO7 has, makes TOPO7 ideal for trip planning.

TOPO7 is integrated with DeLorme's map download system, Netlink. Via the Netlink tab in TOPO7, you can download, cut the maps for the PN-40 (select areas and convert them for use on the PN-40), and transfer them to the PN-40. Copying the files directly to the SDHC card via a card reader greatly speeds up the copying process, and I highly recommend transferring maps this way. The Netlink software is pretty easy to figure out, and I'll spare you the details of exactly how it works. The strengths and weaknesses of Netlink have been heavily discussed on the DeLorme Forums, and I won't bore you with them.

For the bushwhacker, I think the TOPO7 package is the icing that makes the PN-40 totally worth it.

I've also done a review of DeLorme's Topo 7. Click here to read it.

Next: DeLorme PN-40 Review - Conclusions
Back: DeLorme PN-40 Review - Maps

PN-40 Review - Maps


If you are anything like me, you still feel the need to carry a paper topo map, when you can get one, for all bushwhacks. I've had two previous GPS units, and neither of them got used for actual navigation, just for marking locations. A bushwhacker needs to see the big picture to spot plan a new route, and that just isn't possible on most GPS units. Furthermore, many older GPS units lacked topo maps, and most newer ones have vector graphic topo maps are are less detailed than the USGS topo quads most bushwhacks know and love. While I don't think the PN-40 should replace paper maps completly, the map support on the PN-40 is the first GPS that I'm comfortable navigating with without the map in my hand. Sure, It'll be in my backpack, but...
DeLorme is first and foremost a mapping company, and it shows on the PN-40. The PN-40 can display raster images (photos, not lines) in addition to vector maps, which is a huge improvement in the handheld GPS world. DeLorme offers USGS 24k topo quads, sat 10 low-res color aerials, b&w as well as color 3DTQ aerials, high-resolution city aerials, and NOAA navigation charts for the PN-40. They sell them through an internet based extension to the TOPO7 software called Netlink, and offer a VERY affordable $29.95 yearly subscription plan to download whatever you want. The USGS topo quads are the primary reason I bought the PN-40, because I can only carry so many paper maps, but my PN-40 can carry a whole state on an SDHC card. The ability to have actual images of the actual USGS topo quads on the PN-40 is what, in my mind, makes the PN-40 the ideal bushwhacker GPS. The maps are high quality scans, and the integration of the different types of map data at differing zoom levels works very well. The aerial images are nice, but since most bushwacking areas have heavy foliage, so they just aren't as useful as the USGS topo quads.

Oh, and by the way... DeLorme includes 100k vector topo maps in the box with the PN-40! This is a big improvement over Garmin's system where you have to buy these maps separately, or pay extra for a unit preloaded with less detailed maps than what their software provides. The PN-40 comes with these vector maps in two formats: first, the TOPO7 DVD has the uncut source files, which provide vector maps for TOPO7, and can be cut for the PN-40; second, it comes with three pre-cut map DVDs that require nothing more than the USB cable, a computer, and the DVD. I don't use the vector topos much since I love USGS topos, but hey, they're included.


PN-40 Review - Signal

Your impression of the PN-40's accuracy and speed of signal aquisition will depend heavily on what GPS units you have used previously. If you are a few generations back, the PN-40 will probably impress you greatly. If you've owned a Garmin 60CSx or newer, then it will be about on par, maybe a little better, maybe a little worse, than what you are used to. My last GPS was a Magellan Meridian Gold, so the PN-40 represents a MAJOR improvement. As a note, all of my observations are based on the current DeLorme firmware, version 2.5 beta 3. Prior to that version there were some WAAS issues and some minor accuracy issues that made me hold off on this review, but the situation has improved dramatically.

Signal aquisition is pretty darned fast on the PN-40. Double digit seconds range for a cold start, and single digits if you've used the unit a few minutes previously. You are up and navigating with a 3-D lock fast enough that I usually don't have my shoes re-tied before it finished. If you turn the unit off when not navigating to conserve power, like I do, this fast signal aquisition is key.
Accuracy is frequently in the single digit feet range, and almost always in the low teens or better. I've tested the unit on flat terrain, on gently and steeply sloping terrain, and on terrain where large portions of the horizon are obscured by rocks or a whole mountain, and I'm more than satisfied with the accuracy of the unit, and its ability to hold a signal lock sufficient for navigation.
The WAAS implementation was a little squirrely prior to the beta firmware. DeLorme has indicated that the problem was with the Cartesio chipset's firmware from STM. Prior to the firmware, getting a WAAS lock with the PN-40 was downright difficult, and impossible for some users. I can now get a WAAS lock fairly quickly, and maintain WAAS correction data for most of a hike unless the terrain prevents a view to the south west. However, I don't really feel that WAAS is an essential feature for the bushwhacker anyway, since it only provides a small increase in accuracy (sometimes none), and most bushwhackers are trying to find objects that are somewhat easier to find than the film canister a geocacher might be seeking. ;)
As part of the beta firmware release, DeLorme added a new feature to the PN-40 called "Predictive Ephemeris" that provided a dramatic increase in signal aquisition speed. I won't go into the details, but basically the unit makes an educated guess as to the individual satellites locations, sacrificing accuracy for speed. Previously, the PN-40 had to wait for emphemeris data to download for each satellite it was tracking for that satellite was used to calclulation position. Now, while the PN-40 downloads new emphemeris data, it estimates what the data will be, and runs with the estimate until the new data arrives. Again, if you turn your unit off a lot while hiking, this is good for you.

Overall, I am very pleased with the accuracy of the DeLorme PN-40, and consider it more than capable of being used on a bushwhacking trip. I have not been able to test the unit under decidious foliage as it is winter, so keep that in mind, and I'll update when I can.

Next: DeLorme PN-40 Review - Maps
Back: DeLorme PN-40 Review - Field Operations

PN-40 Review - Field Operation

The DeLorme PN-40 operates pretty much like any other handheld GPS unit you've ever used. It has a system of pages, including one for satellite status, a map page, and various navigation and other pages. I've included images to show all the different pages, and I won't discuss each in depth because that information is more than availible elsewhere, and I'm not trying to write a manual. The device is easy to figure out if you've ever used a handheld GPS, and should be pretty easy even if you haven't. Basic navigation is easy, and all basic functions are well explained in the manual, and most are downright intuitive. In the field, the simplicity of design, like any handheld GPS, means that the operation is basically transparent, requiring little struggle. That transparency means I don't have much to say. ;) The addition of the second processor to handle screen redraws has made the PN-40 much more responsive than the PN-20, but hikers don't usually move fast enough for such things to matter, anyhow.

Next: DeLorme PN-40 Review - Signal
Back: DeLorme PN-40 Review - Design